Knowing When to Stop

The mystery teacher – photo from British Newspaper Archive

There are times when our insatiable curiosity leads us ‘up the garden path’, aren’t there? For me, it’s when I decide to pursue the life history of characters that really aren’t central to what I’m researching.

Take this weekend: I’m currently researching the pedagogical output of a Victorian Edinburgh music teacher, and I discovered his daughter collaborated on some of his publications. (This is confirmed by a letter that her sister wrote to a music journal later.) The collaborations appear to have been before she married.

I found a newspaper article about a story she had written for a women’s magazine called The People’s Friend in 1906, and this gave me her married name, but also informed me that she was working as a head teacher in a village quite a way from Edinburgh. It was definitely her – it named her father and his achievements.

Oh, my goodness. I wrote a number of stories for that magazine myself, some decades ago, so that made me sit up and look, straight away!

More interestingly, though – for a married woman still to be working, was a red flag in itself, because it was usual for a woman to stop working when she married. I traced her marriage certificate on Scotland’s People, and only noticed at the last minute that there was an amendment attached. She divorced her husband – whereabouts unknown – in 1912. Perhaps she had found it expedient to continue working, notwithstanding having a young child, if there had already been marital discord for a while. But who knows?!

I found the mother, a nine-year old son and a servant living back in Edinburgh in 1911. The census described her just as a teacher – no mention of headship here.

Really, my only interest at this point – whether or not she continued to collaborate with her father after she married – was my curiosity about a woman working as a teacher after marriage. Not long ago, I researched a late Victorian woman called Clarinda Webster, who was a music teacher, head teacher and ultimately a divorcee, so there was a human interest in finding someone else whose circumstances might have been vaguely similar …

After a few hours delving into Ancestry, Scotland’s People and the British Newspaper Archive, I made myself stop. I don’t know where this woman and her son ended up. Maybe they left Scotland or emigrated, who knows? At the end of the day, it doesn’t make any difference to my research into pedagogical music publications in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras.

On the other hand, stories of working women professionals in that era continue to interest me, whether musicians, teachers or both. It wouldn’t take much to convince me to keep looking…

Reunited! Moffat and Kidson’s Nursery Rhymes

You’ll remember that I recently treated myself to an Edwardian book of children’s songs published by Augener, partly because I’m interested in the compilers, but mostly for the delightful cover? I subsequently discovered it was the sequel to an earlier book, British Nursery Rhymes. Well, I couldn’t have the second without the first, could I?

The sequel: Children’s Songs of Long Ago

Luckily, my interests are generally quite inexpensive! I will take them to the piano at some point – and look more closely at the contents, from the point of view of repertoire.

D’you know, just about every bit of research I’ve done has involved examining repertoire. Starting with 13th century Gregorian chant – not many people know I was initially a mediaevalist! I’ve come a long way.

Chat GPT (Part 2) Fake News? It found me a Music Publisher that I haven’t heard of!

It’s intriguing – I couldn’t resist investigating it! Has Chat GPT led me up the garden path again? This time, my younger son is inclined to believe me rather than the AI. “Mum, you’ve researched the subject FAR MORE than Chat GPT has!” But the worrying thing is, that it looks so convincing. Anyone just hastily asking a question, and not having my level of knowledge, would completely believe what they were being told.

Music Sellers in the Paisley Post Office Directory for 1904-1905
Music Sellers in the Paisley Post Office Directory for 1904-1905

The question that I asked Chat GPT, after it named the Reid Brothers

All of the information I’m about to reproduce here, comes from Chat GPT. I am not going to modify it at all. But before you read it, let me share a few truths with you! I will then annotate Chat GPT in square brackets.

  • This music publisher is unlisted in the Scottish Book Trade Index – but would have been too modern for that database. If it existed at all.
  • The Jisc Library Hub Discover database doesn’t have any music published by this firm.
  • They aren’t mentioned in the local press when they were starting trading.
  • They aren’t listed in the Paisley Post Office Directory for 1904-1905.
  • Chat GPT didn’t give me an actual address in Paisley.
  • I did find an Andrew Reid with those dates in a genealogy site – in Aberdeenshire, not Paisley, and nothing to do with music.
  • And there was a James Milton Reid in Kentucky with the dates for Chat GPT’s James Reid!

Here goes, courtesy of Chat GPT. It had already alluded to them briefly, so I threw out a challenge:-

ME “Tell me more about Andrew and James Reid, the Reid Brothers.”

ChatGPT:-

“Andrew and James Reid, known as the Reid Brothers, were Scottish music publishers who made significant contributions to the music industry in the early twentieth century. Here are some details about them:

  1. Background and Early Career [unverified]: Andrew Reid (1870-1944) and James Reid (1872-1956) were born in Paisley, Scotland. They came from a musical family, with their father being a music teacher. Both brothers developed a deep passion for music from a young age.
  2. Formation of Reid Brothers [no music shop traced, though a friend did trace a grocery shop]: In 1902, Andrew and James Reid established their music publishing business, known as the Reid Brothers, in Paisley. They started with a modest shop selling sheet music and musical instruments. Over time, their business expanded and became well-respected in the industry.
  3. Wide Range of Publications [untraced]: The Reid Brothers published a diverse range of music, including Scottish songs, instrumental compositions, dance music, and educational materials. They had a particular focus on Scottish music, contributing to the preservation and promotion of traditional Scottish tunes.
  4. Collections and Songbooks [untraced]: One of the notable contributions of the Reid Brothers was the publication of various songbooks and collections. They released compilations of Scottish songs, often accompanied by sheet music and lyrics. These collections played an important role in preserving traditional Scottish music and making it accessible to a wider audience. [I have never come across compilations ‘accompanied by sheet music and lyrics’. Lyrics are IN the compilations or IN sheet music of single songs. Lyrics are not provided to ‘accompany’ a compilation or a single song, which makes them sound like a separate entity…]
  5. Collaborations with Composers and Songwriters [untraced – this all looks like wishful thinking!]: The Reid Brothers worked closely with Scottish composers and songwriters, publishing their works and providing them with a platform for their music. They actively sought out new talent and supported local musicians, contributing to the vibrant music scene in Scotland.
  6. Music Shop and Instrument Sales [untraced, see above]: In addition to their publishing activities, the Reid Brothers operated a music shop in Paisley. The shop offered a wide range of musical instruments, sheet music, and accessories, catering to the needs of local musicians and enthusiasts.
  7. Influence and Legacy [untraced and probably again wishful thinking!]: The Reid Brothers played a significant role in promoting Scottish music and supporting local musicians during their time. Their publications and contributions helped preserve traditional Scottish tunes and fostered a sense of pride in Scottish cultural heritage. Their music shop and publishing business remained active for several decades.

The Reid Brothers’ dedication to music publishing [really?] and their efforts to promote Scottish music contributed to the rich tapestry of Scottish musical heritage. They played a vital role in preserving and disseminating traditional Scottish tunes, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the music industry.”

Now, it looks convincing, doesn’t it. Can ANYONE verify it, though?!

It was pointed out to me that I have just given the text credence by posting it. Hopefully the observations in square brackets will help cast doubt on the original!!

Interdisciplinary Research, Anyone?

When I graduated with my PhD in 2009, there was a flurry of interest in me as a ‘mature’ postgraduate, and my ‘portfolio career’. There’s only one problem – it isn’t a portfolio career! I work in one place, full-time, on a full-time salary. I’m not self-employed, nor do I do a little bit of this and that for different employers. It’s correct that I spend 0.7 of my time as an academic librarian, and 0.3 of my time as a researcher. If I had any aspirations at the start of my librarianship career, it was to be a scholar librarian of some kind, and as you see, that IS where I’ve ended up. I don’t claim that it exactly reflects who I am now – in my head, I’m more scholar than librarian.

So, if I don’t consider myself a good example of a portfolio career, then here’s another conundrum: do I do interdisciplinary research? If at some times I’m writing about librarianship, and at other times I’m writing about nineteenth to twentieth-century music publishing, does that make my research interdisciplinary? I guess it probably does, even if the librarianship and the music publishing seldom meet! I’m often contemplating the social context of whatever I’m researching. And just occasionally – like my recent article about Clarinda Webster – I manage to mention librarianship, music publishing AND social history in one fell swoop.

At other times, my research finds its way into the librarianship quite naturally. This week, the RCS Library is having a series of events throwing a Spotlight on Diversity. I’ve written a short blogpost about Scottish Women Composers as one of my contributions. The names I’ve suggested are just a start – and I haven’t attempted to include every Scottish woman who wrote a tune, because I’m assuming our students are basically looking for recital repertoire. My research has led me to several more women who made their own unique contribution, but they’ll get a mention in the book I’m currently writing. Their pieces aren’t necessarily recital repertoire, or even easily sourced today.

See my Scottish Women Composers in the Spotlight library blogpost.

Am Writing: New Book Contract

Yes, folks, there really is going to be another book. Following on from my first one, date-wise, but with more social history, more about publishers, and more about amateur music making between 1880-1950.

Exciting? You bet!

Provisional Title

A Social History of Amateur Music-Making and Scottish National Identity: Scotland’s Printed Music, 1880-1950

First publication of 2022 – a chapter

I have just catalogued a book containing my chapter on music subscribers to published strathspey and reel collections in the late 18th to early 19th centuries.  (Not every author gets to catalogue what they contributed to! Still, it means it’s now available in the library at RCS.

 Here it is:-

Chapter 10. ‘Strathspeys, Reels, and Instrumental Airs: A National Product’

And the book itself:

 Music by subscription : composers and their networks in the British music-publishing trade, 1676-1820 / edited by Simon D.I. Fleming, Martin Perkins.  (Routledge, 2022)

When Less is More (Blog to Book)

Returning visitors to these pages may find the content thinner than it used to be. Now that I’m working on my next book, I want my best content to be honed to perfection and triple-checked before I commit it to print. Rather than leave extended writings – which I posted as ‘work in progress’ – sitting on the internet, I’ve pruned what is here. In general, I continue to research the topics I posted here (Scottish music publishers James Kerr, Mozart Allan and many others, and interrogations of cultural issues), and any new details or dates which I didn’t know at the time of blogging, could potentially change what I originally wrote. And also, of course, I want readers of the book to be surprised and delighted by new insights that no-one knew before!

I shall continue to blog, of course. How could I not? I have so many ideas buzzing round my head that it’s hard keeping them all to myself!

Spread Too Thin?

This is another of my cross-posts from the Facebook Glasgow Music Publishers page. But I’ve updated the update!

Apologies for the silence here. In recent weeks, I’ve given two conference papers (one on Stationers’ Hall music, and one on old Scots songs and a Lowland pipe tune); I gave another talk (about Scottish song-collector Alexander Campbell) last Sunday late afternoon. Was I happy with my talk? Yes, until I had given it! This self-doubt is really quite a handicap.

I have just had the luxury of a long weekend, but – well, it hasn’t been luxurious. As well as the Sunday talk, there was the usual domesticity and the church organist duties. We expected the roofer to start work today, too, but it rained – and you don’t remove a VERY large skylight in the rain! Not to worry – I turned one of my conference papers into a journal article and submitted it this evening. I’ve just realised I’m a coward. I submitted an article to a journal I’ve not submitted to before, and now I’m struggling NOT to judge it too harshly, probably before the editor has even checked their email inbox!

I really do have to get back to work on a book chapter – although neither it nor the rest of this frenetic activity has been about Glasgow music publishers! (I just hope their ghosts aren’t feeling neglected, or heaven help me come Hallowe’en!)

Bruce, Clements and Co.

This is another posting that I put on the Facebook Glasgow Music Publishers page a couple of days ago. I wonder if anyone can provide any pointers to this firm, currently a bit of a mystery to me?!

A QUESTION FOR EDINBURGHERS!

My study of historical Glasgow music publishers may need to embrace other Scottish music publishers too. (A metaphorical, socially distanced embrace, obviously.)

So. The first question is, who WERE Bruce, Clements & Co, who traded in Edinburgh circa 1921-1937, published quite a bit by W. B. Moonie and a significant work – Dirge for Cuthullin – by Cedric Thorpe Davie? I’ve only looked at Jisc Library Hub Discover and the British Newspaper Archive so far, but although I can find out what they published, I don’t know who they were – sometimes they called themselves Bruce Clements & Co., and other times Bruce, [COMMA!] Clements & Co. – though I do know they traded from 30 Rutland Square.

W. B. Moonie – YouTube of “Perthshire Echoes” played by pianist P. Sear

I don’t have access to Post Office Directories in Libraries – and they’re too “modern” to be in the National Library of Scotland Digital Gallery – though appropriate directories might yet tell me more about Mr Bruce or Mr Clements! At the moment, it’s just a question arising from my insatiable curiosity, but I should still like to know, because you never know what connections firms had with other firms or individuals.

I have had a couple of responses – Jack Campin tells me that Davie’s son was Tony Davie, computer scientist at the University of St Andrews.  And I am sure there will be plenty of material about Cedric Thorpe Davie himself at St Andrews’ research repository, so that could be an interesting angle to pursue.

Meanwhile, another respondent pointed me in the direction of a couple of directories available via the Internet Archive, so I now have their address, (You’d be surprised how many firms I’ve traced at Rutland Square, which plainly housed more than one company at a time. The Boy Scouts Association were there, for starters. But I digress!

Interestingly, Thorpe Davie’s choral work, Dirge for Cuthullin, published in 1937 and admired by Vaughan Williams (four letters survive at VaughanWilliams.uk), was subsequently taken over by Oxford University Press in 1946. (See notes on manuscripts at St Andrews University Library.) I have a feeling Bruce, Clements and Co published very little, if anything else, by Thorpe Davie, and I believe the firm fizzled out in the very early 1940s. (I’d still like to know who they were!)

Book History: Scottish Airs in London Dress

Before establishing the Claimed From Stationers’ Hall network, I was a postdoctoral researcher on the Bass Culture project, which looked at Scottish fiddle tune collections largely from the Georgian era.  In that context, I read a paper at Musica Scotica in Spring 2014, about a couple of London-published music collections.  It has finally been published in Scottish Music Review Vol.5 (2019), 75-87, this week.

Sometimes when we look back at earlier work, we wonder if we’d have written it differently today, but I’m still pretty happy with this article.  If anything, I think it justifies my claim that the history of this kind of collection does indeed deserve to count as “book history”, even if it is music rather than literature. So, here it is for your enjoyment:-

Scottish Airs in London Dress: Vocal Airs and Dance Tunes in Two Eighteenth-Century London Collections